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#top grep


grep, egrep, fgrep - print lines matching a pattern

Powiązane:
cat, grep, head, sed, sort, tail, tr, uniq, wc,

SYNOPSIS
grep [options] PATTERN [FILE...]
grep [options] [-e PATTERN | -f FILE] [FILE...]


DESCRIPTION



OPTIONS
-A NUM, --after-context=NUM
Print NUM lines of trailing context after matching lines. Places a line containing -- between contiguous groups of matches.

-a, --text
Process a binary file as if it were text; this is equivalent to the --binary-files=text option.

-B NUM, --before-context=NUM
Print NUM lines of leading context before matching lines. Places a line containing -- between contiguous groups of matches.

-C NUM, --context=NUM
Print NUM lines of output context. Places a line containing -- between contiguous groups of matches.

-b, --byte-offset
Print the byte offset within the input file before each line of output.

--binary-files=TYPE
If the first few bytes of a file indicate that the file contains binary data, assume that the file is of type TYPE. By default, TYPE is binary, and grep normally outputs either a one-line message saying that a binary file matches, or no message if there is no match. If TYPE is without-match, grep assumes that a binary file does not match; this is equivalent to the -I option. If TYPE is text, grep processes a binary file as if it were text; this is equivalent to the -a option. Warning: grep --binary-files=text might output binary garbage, which can have nasty side effects if the output is a terminal and if the terminal driver interprets some of it as commands.

--colour[=WHEN], --color[=WHEN]
Surround the matching string with the marker find in GREP_COLOR environment variable. WHEN may be 'never', 'always', or 'auto'

-c, --count
Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching lines for each input file. With the -v, --invert-match option (see below), count non-matching lines.

-D ACTION, --devices=ACTION
If an input file is a device, FIFO or socket, use ACTION to process it. By default, ACTION is read, which means that devices are read just as if they were ordinary files. If ACTION is skip, devices are silently skipped.

-d ACTION, --directories=ACTION
If an input file is a directory, use ACTION to process it. By default, ACTION is read, which means that directories are read just as if they were ordinary files. If ACTION is skip, directories are silently skipped. If ACTION is recurse, grep reads all files under each directory, recursively; this is equivalent to the -r option.

-E, --extended-regexp
Interpret PATTERN as an extended regular expression (see below).

-e PATTERN, --regexp=PATTERN
Use PATTERN as the pattern; useful to protect patterns beginning with -.

-F, --fixed-strings
Interpret PATTERN as a list of fixed strings, separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched.

-P, --perl-regexp
Interpret PATTERN as a Perl regular expression.

-f FILE, --file=FILE
Obtain patterns from FILE, one per line. The empty file contains zero patterns, and therefore matches nothing.

-G, --basic-regexp
Interpret PATTERN as a basic regular expression (see below). This is the default.

-H, --with-filename
Print the filename for each match.

-h, --no-filename
Suppress the prefixing of filenames on output when multiple files are searched.

--help
Output a brief help message.

-I
Process a binary file as if it did not contain matching data; this is equivalent to the --binary-files=without-match option.

-i, --ignore-case
Ignore case distinctions in both the PATTERN and the input files.

-L, --files-without-match
Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which no output would normally have been printed. The scanning will stop on the first match.

-l, --files-with-matches
Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which output would normally have been printed. The scanning will stop on the first match.

-m NUM, --max-count=NUM
Stop reading a file after NUM matching lines. If the input is standard input from a regular file, and NUM matching lines are output, grep ensures that the standard input is positioned to just after the last matching line before exiting, regardless of the presence of trailing context lines. This enables a calling process to resume a search. When grep stops after NUM matching lines, it outputs any trailing context lines. When the -c or --count option is also used, grep does not output a count greater than NUM. When the -v or --invert-match option is also used, grep stops after outputting NUM non-matching lines.

--mmap
If possible, use the mmap(2) system call to read input, instead of the default read(2) system call. In some situations, --mmap yields better performance. However, --mmap can cause undefined behavior (including core dumps) if an input file shrinks while grep is operating, or if an I/O error occurs.

-n, --line-number
Prefix each line of output with the line number within its input file.

-o, --only-matching
Show only the part of a matching line that matches PATTERN.

--label=LABEL
Displays input actually coming from standard input as input coming from file LABEL. This is especially useful for tools like zgrep, e.g. gzip -cd foo.gz |grep --label=foo something


Zobacz także: awk | grep | sed | unbuffer | setbuf() | setbuffer() | setlinebuf() | setvbuf()
--line-buffered
Use line buffering, it can be a performance penality.

-q, --quiet, --silent
Quiet; do not write anything to standard output. Exit immediately with zero status if any match is found, even if an error was detected. Also see the -s or --no-messages option.

-R, -r, --recursive
Read all files under each directory, recursively; this is equivalent to the -d recurse option.

--include=PATTERN
Recurse in directories only searching file matching PATTERN.

--exclude=PATTERN
Recurse in directories skip file matching PATTERN.

-s, --no-messages
Suppress error messages about nonexistent or unreadable files. Portability note: unlike GNU grep, traditional grep did not conform to POSIX.2, because traditional grep lacked a -q option and its -s option behaved like GNU grep’s -q option. Shell scripts intended to be portable to traditional grep should avoid both -q and -s and should redirect output to /dev/null instead.

-U, --binary
Treat the file(s) as binary. By default, under MS-DOS and MS-Windows, grep guesses the file type by looking at the contents of the first 32KB read from the file. If grep decides the file is a text file, it strips the CR characters from the original file contents (to make regular expressions with ^ and $ work correctly). Specifying -U overrules this guesswork, causing all files to be read and passed to the matching mechanism verbatim; if the file is a text file with CR/LF pairs at the end of each line, this will cause some regular expressions to fail. This option has no effect on platforms other than MS-DOS and MS-Windows.

-u, --unix-byte-offsets
Report Unix-style byte offsets. This switch causes grep to report byte offsets as if the file were Unix-style text file, i.e. with CR characters stripped off. This will produce results identical to running grep on a Unix machine. This option has no effect unless -b option is also used; it has no effect on platforms other than MS-DOS and MS-Windows.

-V, --version
Print the version number of grep to standard error. This version number should be included in all bug reports (see below).

-v, --invert-match
Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.

-w, --word-regexp
Select only those lines containing matches that form whole words. The test is that the matching substring must either be at the beginning of the line, or preceded by a non-word constituent character. Similarly, it must be either at the end of the line or followed by a non-word constituent character. Word-constituent characters are letters, digits, and the underscore.

-x, --line-regexp
Select only those matches that exactly match the whole line.

-y
Obsolete synonym for -i.

-Z, --null
Output a zero byte (the ASCII NUL character) instead of the character that normally follows a file name. For example, grep -lZ outputs a zero byte after each file name instead of the usual newline. This option makes the output unambiguous, even in the presence of file names containing unusual characters like newlines. This option can be used with commands like find -print0, perl -0, sort -z, and xargs -0 to process arbitrary file names, even those that contain newline characters.


ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
GREP_OPTIONS
This variable specifies default options to be placed in front of any explicit options. For example, if GREP_OPTIONS is '--binary-files=without-match --directories=skip', grep behaves as if the two options --binary-files=without-match and --directories=skip had been specified before any explicit options. Option specifications are separated by whitespace. A backslash escapes the next character, so it can be used to specify an option containing whitespace or a backslash.

GREP_COLOR
Specifies the marker for highlighting.



EXAMPLES
export GREP_OPTIONS="--color=never"
cat file | GREP_OPTIONS="--color=never"  grep pattern
cat file | grep  --color=never pattern


export GREP_OPTIONS="--color=always"
cat file | GREP_OPTIONS="--color=always"  grep pattern | less -R
cat file | grep  --color=always pattern | less -R


export GREP_OPTIONS="--color=auto"
cat file | GREP_OPTIONS="--color=auto"  grep pattern
cat file | grep  --color=auto pattern


cat file | grep  --color=never pattern
cat file | grep  --color=auto pattern
cat file | grep  --color=always pattern | less -R



cat file | grep  -B 3 -A 3 pattern
# equal as below
cat file | grep  -C 3 pattern

find first pattern (print one line):
cat file | grep  -m 1 pattern

search pattern recursive on path:
grep pattern -nr /path
find /path | xargs  grep pattern -nr

multiple pattern:
cat file | grep  -E 'pattern1|pattern2|pattern3'
cat file | egrep  'pattern1|pattern2|pattern3'


export GREP_COLOR='1;32'
cat file | GREP_COLOR='1;32'  grep pattern

skip searching pattern in binary files
grep --binary-files=without-match pattern -nr /path/to/dir



Zmodyfikowany ostatnio: 2015/10/22 01:01:53 (8 lat temu), textsize: 13,5 kB, htmlsize: 16,8 kB
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