#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($key);



if ($#ARGV+1<=0) {
	print("Usage: $self [arg1 [, arg2 [, arg3 [, ...]]]]\n");
	print("Examples:\n");
	print("       $self arg1\n");
	print("       $self arg1, arg2\n");
	print("       $self arg1, arg2, arg3\n");
}

print""$self: foreach \$key (0..$#ARGV):\n");
foreach $key (0..$#ARGV) {
	print("$self: \@ARGV[$key]=|$ARGV[$key]|\n");
}
print""$self: foreach \$key (0..$#ARGV): end.\n");

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($textarg);



BEGIN {
	# executed always at start
	my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
	print("$self: BEGIN code section\n");
}

END {
	# atexit() is C-specific: use END {} instead
	print("$self: END code section\n");
}

if ($#ARGV+1<1) {
	print("Usage: $0 <argument>\n");
	print("Examples:\n");
	print("       $0 test\n");
	print("       $0 exit\n");
	print("       $0 END\n");
	exit(1);
}

$textarg=$ARGV[0];

if ($textarg eq 'END') {
	exit(0);
}

print""$self: before IF\n");

if ($textarg eq 'exit') {
	print("$self: exit(0): call\n");
	exit(0);
	print("$self: exit(0): end.\n");
}

print""$self: after IF\n");

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($key);



if ($#ARGV+1<0) {
	print("Usage: $0\n");
	exit(1);
}

print""$self: for \$key (sort(keys(\%ENV))):\n");
for $key (sort(keys(%ENV))) {
	print("$self: \%ENV{$key}=|$ENV{$key}|\n");
}
print""$self: for \$key (sort(keys(\%ENV))): end.\n");

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($alarmtime, $sleeptime);



if ($#ARGV+1<2) {
	print("Usage: $0 <alarmtime> <sleeptime>\n");
	print("Examples:\n");
	print("       $0 5 10\n");
	print("       $0 10 5\n");
	exit(1);
}

$alarmtime=int($ARGV[0]);
$sleeptime=int($ARGV[1]);

print""$self: eval { alarm($alarmtime); sleep($sleeptime); };\n");
eval {
print""$self: alarm($alarmtime);\n");
alarm($alarmtime);
print""$self: sleep($sleeptime);\n");
sleep($sleeptime);
};

print""$self: alarm(0);\n");
alarm(0);

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;



sub callerinfo {
	my ($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine, $hasargs, $wantarray, $evaltext, $is_require, $hints, $bitmask, $hinthash);
	my (@LIST, $key);
	
	($package, $filename, $line)=caller();
	print("$self: (\$package, \$filename, \$line)=caller(): \$package=$package \$filename=$filename, \$line=$line\n");
	
	($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine, $hasargs, $wantarray, $evaltext, $is_require, $hints, $bitmask, $hinthash)=caller(0);
	if (!defined($package   )) { $package   ='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($filename  )) { $filename  ='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($line      )) { $line      ='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($subroutine)) { $subroutine='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($hasargs   )) { $hasargs   ='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($wantarray )) { $wantarray ='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($evaltext  )) { $evaltext  ='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($is_require)) { $is_require='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($hints     )) { $hints     ='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($bitmask   )) { $bitmask   ='undef!!!'; }
	if (!defined($hinthash  )) { $hinthash  ='undef!!!'; }
	print("$self: (\$package, \$filename, \$line, \$subroutine, \$hasargs, \$wantarray, \$evaltext, \$is_require, \$hints, \$bitmask, \$hinthash)=caller(0): \$package=$package \$filename=$filename \$line=$line \$subroutine=$subroutine \$hasargs=$hasargs \$wantarray=$wantarray, \$evaltext=$evaltext \$is_require=$is_require \$hints=$hints \$bitmask=$bitmask \$hinthash=$hinthash\n");
	print("$self:\n");
	
	@LIST=caller();
	print("$self: \@LIST=caller(): \@LIST(".($#LIST+1).")=\n");
	foreach $key (0..$#LIST) {   if (defined($LIST[$key])) { print("$self: \$LIST[$key]=$LIST[$key]\n"); } else { print("$self: \$LIST[$key]=undef!!!\n"); }   }
	print("$self:\n");
	
	@LIST=caller(0);
	print("$self: \@LIST=caller(0): \@LIST(".($#LIST+1).")=\n");
	foreach $key (0..$#LIST) {   if (defined($LIST[$key])) { print("$self: \$LIST[$key]=$LIST[$key]\n"); } else { print("$self: \$LIST[$key]=undef!!!\n"); }   }
	print("$self:\n");
}

if ($#ARGV+1<0) {
	print("Usage: $0\n");
	exit(1);
}

&callerinfo();

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($value);



if ($#ARGV+1<1) {
	print("Usage: $0 <arg0>\n");
	print("Examples:\n");
	print("       $0 test\n");
	print("       $0 undef\n");
	print("       $0 text\n");
	exit(1);
}

if (defined($value)) { print("$self: \$value=$value\n"); }
else                 { print("$self: \$value: undefined!!!\n"); }

$value=$ARGV[0];
if (defined($value)) { print("$self: \$value=\$ARGV[0]: \$value=$value\n"); }
else                 { print("$self: \$value=\$ARGV[0]: \$value: undefined!!!\n"); }
undef($value);
if (defined($value)) { print("$self: \$value=\$ARGV[0]: undef(\$value): \$value=$value\n"); }
else                 { print("$self: \$value=\$ARGV[0]: undef(\$value): \$value: undefined!!!\n"); }

$value=$ARGV[0];
if (defined($value)) { print("$self: \$value=\$ARGV[0]: \$value=$value\n"); }
else                 { print("$self: \$value=\$ARGV[0]: \$value: undefined!!!\n"); }
$value=undef();
if (defined($value)) { print("$self: \$value=\$ARGV[0]: \$value=undef(): \$value=$value\n"); }
else                 { print("$self: \$value=\$ARGV[0]: \$value=undef(): \$value: undefined!!!\n"); }

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($diearg);



if ($#ARGV+1<1) {
	print("Usage: $0 <print-message-when-exit>\n");
	print("Examples:\n");
	print("       $0 \"die script with message\"; echo \$?\n");
	exit(1);
}

$diearg=$ARGV[0];

print""$self: die($diearg): call\n");
die($diearg);
print""$self: die($diearg): end.\n");

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($intarg, $intval);



if ($#ARGV+1<1) {
	print("Usage: $0 <exit-int-value>\n");
	print("Examples:\n");
	print("       $0 0; echo \$?\n");
	print("       $0 1; echo \$?\n");
	print("       $0 2; echo \$?\n");
	print("       $0 3; echo \$?\n");
	exit(1);
}


$intarg=$ARGV[0];
$intval=int($intarg);
print""$self: exit($intval): call\n");
exit$intval$intval);
print""$self: exit($intval): end.\n");

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($vals, @LIST, %HASH, $globref, $coderef, $callref);

if ($#ARGV+1<0) {
	print("Usage: $0\n");
	exit(1);
}

sub callfunc {
	return 1;
}


open(FILEHANDLE,"/dev/null");
$globref=\*FILEHANDLE;
close(FILEHANDLE);
$coderef=sub { return 1; };
$callref=\&callfunc;
print""$self: ref(\$vals)=".ref(\$vals)."\n");
print""$self: ref(\@LIST)=".ref(\@LIST)."\n");
print""$self: ref(\%HASH)=".ref(\%HASH)."\n");
open(FILEHANDLE,"/dev/null");
$globref=\*FILEHANDLE;
close(FILEHANDLE);
$coderef=sub { return 1; };
$callref=\&callfunc;
print""$self: ref(\\\$vals)=".ref(\$vals)."\n");
print""$self: ref(\\\@LIST)=".ref(\@LIST)."\n");
print""$self: ref(\\\%HASH)=".ref(\%HASH)."\n");
print""$self: \$globref=\\\*FILEHANDLE;      ref(\$globref)=".ref($globref)."\n");
print""$self: \$coderef=sub { return 1; }; ref(\$coderef)=".ref($coderef)."\n");
print""$self: \$callref=\\\&callfunc;        ref(\$callref)=".ref($callref)."\n");

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults

use Time::HiRes qw(usleep nanosleep); # Time::HiRes::clock_nanosleep(): unimplemented in this platform, "stat" is not exported by the Time::HiRes module



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($sleeptime, $usleeptime, $nsleeptime);



if ($#ARGV+1<3) {
	print("Usage: $0 <sleepinttime> <usleepinttime> <nanosleepinttime>\n");
	print("Examples:\n");
	print("       $0 3 2000000 1000000000\n");
	exit(1);
}

$sleeptime=int($ARGV[0]);
$usleeptime=int($ARGV[1]);
$nsleeptime=int($ARGV[2]);

print""$self: sleep($sleeptime): call\n");
sleep($sleeptime);
print""$self: sleep($sleeptime): end.\n");

print""$self: usleep($usleeptime): call\n");
usleep($usleeptime);
print""$self: usleep($usleeptime): end.\n");

print""$self: nanosleep($nsleeptime): call\n");
nanosleep($nsleeptime);
print""$self: nanosleep($nsleeptime): end.\n");

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults

use Time::HiRes qw(usleep ualarm); # Time::HiRes::clock_nanosleep(): unimplemented in this platform, "stat" is not exported by the Time::HiRes module



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my ($alarmtime, $sleeptime);



if ($#ARGV+1<2) {
	print("Usage: $0 <alarmtime> <sleeptime>\n");
	print("Examples:\n");
	print("       $0 5 10\n");
	print("       $0 10 5\n");
	print("       $0 1800 5\n");
	print("       $0 1801 5\n");
	exit(1);
}

$alarmtime=$ARGV[0];
$sleeptime=$ARGV[1];

print""$self: eval { ualarm($alarmtime); usleep($sleeptime); };\n");
eval {
print""$self: ualarm($alarmtime);\n");
ualarm($alarmtime);
print""$self: usleep($sleeptime);\n");
usleep($sleeptime);
};

print""$self: ualarm(0);\n");
ualarm(0);

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;      # force definations for all vars an subroutines
use warnings;    # force check of unset variables in expressions
use diagnostics; # give var/code line number on faults



my $self=$0; $self=~s,^.*/,,g;
my (@VALLIST, $valscalar, $void);



sub callreturn {
	my (@SUBLIST, $subscalar);
	
	@SUBLIST=('val1','val2','val3');
	$subscalar=join(' ', @SUBLIST);
	if (wantarray()) { print("callreturn(): return \@SUBLIST;\n"); return @SUBLIST; }
	if (defined(wantarray())) { print("callreturn(): return \$subscalar;\n"); return $subscalar; }
	print("callreturn(): return;\n");
	return;
}

if ($#ARGV+1<0) {
	print("Usage: $0\n");
	exit(1);
}

print""$self: \@VALLIST=&callreturn():\n");
@VALLIST=&callreturn();
print""$self: \@VALLIST=&callreturn(): ref(\@VALLIST)=".ref(\@VALLIST)."\n");
print""$self:\n");
print""$self: \$valscalar=&callreturn():\n");
$valscalar=&callreturn();
print""$self: \$valscalar=&callreturn(): ref(\$valscalar)=".ref(\$valscalar)."\n");
print""$self:\n");
print""$self: &callreturn():\n");
&callreturn();
print""$self: &callreturn():\n");