#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkstemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), labs(), llabs(), getloadavg(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), memrchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <unistd.h>        /* for R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK, environ, access(), lseek(), close(), read(), write(), pipe(), alarm(), sleep(), ualarm(), usleep(), pause(), chown(), chdir(), getcwd(), */
                           /* for exec[...](), nice(), getpid(), getppid(), setpgid(), setsid(), getsid(), getuid(), geteuid(). getgid(), getegid(), setuid(), seteuid(), setgid(), setegid(), fork(), */
                           /* for link(), symlink(), readlink(), unlink(), rmdir(), getlogin(), setlogin(), gethostname(), sethostname(), daemon(), chroot(), getpass(), [f]sync(), [f]truncate(), syscall(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <sys/socket.h>  /* for bits/socket.h, SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, SOCK_PACKET, AF_UNIX, PF_UNIX, AF_FILE, PF_FILE, AF_INET, PF_INET, MSG_OOB, MSG_PEEK, MSG_DONTWAIT, struct msghdr, struct sockaddr, struct osockaddr, */
                           /* for socket(), bind(), getsockname(), connect(), getpeername(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), sendmsg(), recvmsg(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), listen(), accept(), shutdown(), sockatmark(), */
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	int osock;
	struct addrinfo addrinfo, *addrlist, *addrptrs;
	int result;
	
	if (argc<4) {
		printf("Usage: %s <address_family> <hostname> <service>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Example\n");
		printf("       %s AF_UNSPEC www.example.org http\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s AF_INET   www.example.org http\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s AF_INET6  www.example.org http\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_UNSPEC",strlen("AF_UNSPEC"))!=0 && strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET",strlen("AF_INET"))!=0 && strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET6",strlen("AF_INET6"))!=0) {
		printf("%s Bad address family: allowed: AF_UNSPEC, AF_INET, AF_INET6\n", argv[0]);
		return 1;
	}
	
	memset(&addrinfo, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
	addrinfo.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; /* use AF_INET to IPv4 only, use AF_INET6 to IPv6 only, AF_UNSPEC to IPv4 and IPv6 */
	addrinfo.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_UNSPEC",strlen("AF_UNSPEC"))==0) addrinfo.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET"  ,strlen("AF_INET"  ))==0) addrinfo.ai_family = AF_INET;
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET6" ,strlen("AF_INET6" ))==0) addrinfo.ai_family = AF_INET6;
	
	printf("%s: result=getaddrinfo(argv[2]=%s, argv[3]=%s, &addrinfo, &addrlist):\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3]);
	result=getaddrinfo(argv[2], argv[3], &addrinfo, &addrlist);
	printf("%s: result=getaddrinfo(argv[2]=%s, argv[3]=%s, &addrinfo, &addrlist): result=%d\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], result);
	if (result != 0) {
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: result=getaddrinfo(argv[2]=%s, argv[3]=%s, &addrinfo, &addrlist): if (result != 0): result=%d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], result, "gai_strerror(result)");
#else
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: result=getaddrinfo(argv[2]=%s, argv[3]=%s, &addrinfo, &addrlist): if (result != 0): result=%d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], result, gai_strerror(result));
#endif
		exit(1);
	}
	
	osock=-1;
	/* loop through all the results and connect to the first we can */
	for (addrptrs=addrlist; addrptrs!=NULL; addrptrs=addrptrs->ai_next) {
		printf("%s: addrptrs->ai_flags=%d addrptrs->ai_family=%d addrptrs->ai_socktype=%d addrptrs->ai_protocol=%d addrptrs->ai_addrlen=%u addrptrs->ai_canonname=%s\n", argv[0], addrptrs->ai_flags, addrptrs->ai_family, addrptrs->ai_socktype, addrptrs->ai_protocol, addrptrs->ai_addrlen, addrptrs->ai_canonname);
		printf("%s: osock=socket(addrptrs->ai_family=%d,addrptrs->ai_socktype=%d,addrptrs->ai_protocol=%d):\n", argv[0], addrptrs->ai_family, addrptrs->ai_socktype, addrptrs->ai_protocol);
		osock=socket(addrptrs->ai_family, addrptrs->ai_socktype, addrptrs->ai_protocol);
		printf("%s: osock=socket(addrptrs->ai_family=%d,addrptrs->ai_socktype=%d,addrptrs->ai_protocol=%d): osock=%d\n", argv[0], addrptrs->ai_family, addrptrs->ai_socktype, addrptrs->ai_protocol, osock);
		if (osock < 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: osock=socket(addrptrs->ai_family=%d,addrptrs->ai_socktype=%d,addrptrs->ai_protocol=%d): osock=%d if (osock < 0):\n", argv[0], addrptrs->ai_family, addrptrs->ai_socktype, addrptrs->ai_protocol, osock);
			continue;
		}
		
		printf("%s: result=connect(osock=%d, addrptrs->ai_addr=%%s, addrptrs->ai_addrlen=%d):\n", argv[0], osock, /*inet_ntoa( ((struct sockaddr_in*)&(addrptrs->ai_addr))->sin_addr ),*/ addrptrs->ai_addrlen);
		result=connect(osock, addrptrs->ai_addr, addrptrs->ai_addrlen);
		printf("%s: result=connect(osock=%d, addrptrs->ai_addr=%%s, addrptrs->ai_addrlen=%d): result=%d\n", argv[0], osock, /*inet_ntoa( ((struct sockaddr_in*)&(addrptrs->ai_addr))->sin_addr ),*/ addrptrs->ai_addrlen, result);
		if (result < 0) {
			close(osock);
			osock=-1;
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: result=connect(osock=%d, addrptrs->ai_addr=%%s, addrptrs->ai_addrlen=%d): result=%d if (result < 0):\n", argv[0], osock, /*inet_ntoa( ((struct sockaddr_in*)&(addrptrs->ai_addr))->sin_addr ),*/ addrptrs->ai_addrlen, result);
			continue;
		} else {
			printf("%s: result=connect(osock=%d, addrptrs->ai_addr=%%s, addrptrs->ai_addrlen=%d): Successfull connected\n", argv[0], osock, /*inet_ntoa( ((struct sockaddr_in*)&(addrptrs->ai_addr))->sin_addr ),*/ addrptrs->ai_addrlen);
		}
		
		break; /* if we get here, we must have connected successfully */
	}
	
	if (osock<0) {
		/* looped off the end of the list with no connection */
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to connect to '%s'\n", argv[0], argv[2]);
		exit(2);
	}
	
	if (osock>=0) close(osock);
	
	freeaddrinfo(addrlist); /* all done with this structure */
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <unistd.h>        /* for R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK, environ, access(), lseek(), close(), read(), write(), pipe(), alarm(), sleep(), ualarm(), usleep(), pause(), chown(), chdir(), getcwd(), */
                           /* for exec[...](), nice(), getpid(), getppid(), setpgid(), setsid(), getsid(), getuid(), geteuid(). getgid(), getegid(), setuid(), seteuid(), setgid(), setegid(), fork(), */
                           /* for link(), symlink(), readlink(), unlink(), rmdir(), getlogin(), setlogin(), gethostname(), sethostname(), daemon(), chroot(), getpass(), [f]sync(), [f]truncate(), syscall(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
#else
	char buffdata[1024];
	int result;
#endif
	
	if (argc<2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <domainname>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s localdomain\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s example.org\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* getdomainname() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: getdomainname() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	memset(buffdata, 0x00, sizeof(buffdata));
	result=getdomainname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata));
	if (result>=0) printf("%s: result=getdomainname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata)): result=%d if (result>=0): Successful get hostname, buffdata=|%s|\n", argv[0], result, buffdata);
	else           printf("%s: result=getdomainname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata)): result=%d if (result>=0): \n", argv[0], result);
#endif
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* setdomainname() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: setdomainname() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	result=setdomainname(argv[1], strlen(argv[1]));
	if (result>=0) printf("%s: result=setdomainname(argv[1]=%s, strlen(argv[1])): result=%d if (result>=0): Successful get domainname\n", argv[0], argv[1], result);
	else           printf("%s: result=setdomainname(argv[1]=%s, strlen(argv[1])): result=%d if (result>=0): else: Unable set domainname, Reason: %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], result, errno, strerror(errno));
#endif
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* getdomainname() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: getdomainname() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	memset(buffdata, 0x00, sizeof(buffdata));
	result=getdomainname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata));
	if (result>=0) printf("%s: result=getdomainname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata)): result=%d if (result>=0): Successful get hostname, buffdata=|%s|\n", argv[0], result, buffdata);
	else           printf("%s: result=getdomainname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata)): result=%d if (result>=0): \n", argv[0], result);
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct hostent *hostentptr;
	struct in_addr inaddr;
	int ai_family;
	char buffaddr[16];
	int i;
	
	if (argc<4) {
		printf("Usage: %s <address family> <hostname> <hostaddress>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s AF_INET localhost 127.0.0.1\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s AF_UNSPEC www.example.org 93.184.216.119\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s AF_INET www.example.org 93.184.216.119\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s AF_INET6 www.example.org 93.184.216.119\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_UNSPEC",strlen("AF_UNSPEC"))!=0 && strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET",strlen("AF_INET"))!=0 && strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET6",strlen("AF_INET6"))!=0) {
		printf("%s Bad address family: allowed: AF_UNSPEC, AF_INET, AF_INET6\n", argv[0]);
		return 1;
	}
	
	
	hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]);
	if (hostentptr!=NULL) {
		printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): Successful gethostbyname().\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)hostentptr);
		if (hostentptr->h_name) printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr->h_name=%s hostentptr->h_addrtype=%d hostentptr->h_length=%d\n", argv[0], argv[2], hostentptr->h_name, hostentptr->h_addrtype, hostentptr->h_length);
		if (hostentptr->h_aliases) {
			for (i=0;hostentptr->h_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
				printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr->h_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], i, hostentptr->h_aliases[i]);
			}
		}
		if (hostentptr->h_addr_list) {
			for (i=0;hostentptr->h_addr_list[i]!=0;i++) {
				memset(buffaddr, 0x00, sizeof(buffaddr));
				inet_ntop(PF_INET, hostentptr->h_addr_list[i], buffaddr, sizeof(buffaddr));
				printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr->h_addr_list[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], i, buffaddr);
			}
		}
	} else {
		switch (h_errno) {
		case NETDB_SUCCESS:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname(), Reason: NETDB_SUCCESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)hostentptr, NETDB_SUCCESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname(), Reason: HOST_NOT_FOUND=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)hostentptr, HOST_NOT_FOUND, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case TRY_AGAIN:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname(), Reason: TRY_AGAIN=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)hostentptr, TRY_AGAIN, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_RECOVERY:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname(), Reason: NO_RECOVERY=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)hostentptr, NO_RECOVERY, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_DATA:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname(), Reason: NO_DATA=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)hostentptr, NO_DATA, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		/*#define NO_ADDRESS  NO_DATA - duplicate case value */
		/*case NO_ADDRESS:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname(), Reason: NO_ADDRESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)hostentptr, NO_ADDRESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;*/
		case NETDB_INTERNAL:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname(), Reason: NETDB_INTERNAL=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)hostentptr, NETDB_INTERNAL, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		default:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname(argv[2]=%s): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname(), Reason: NETDB:UNKNOWN:ERROR %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)hostentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		}
		
	}
	
	
	
	ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_UNSPEC",strlen("AF_UNSPEC"))==0) ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET"  ,strlen("AF_INET"  ))==0) ai_family = AF_INET;
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET6" ,strlen("AF_INET6" ))==0) ai_family = AF_INET6;
	
	hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2], ai_family);
	if (hostentptr!=NULL) {
		printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): Successful gethostbyname2().\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, (void*)hostentptr);
		if (hostentptr->h_name) printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr->h_name=%s hostentptr->h_addrtype=%d hostentptr->h_length=%d\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, hostentptr->h_name, hostentptr->h_addrtype, hostentptr->h_length);
		if (hostentptr->h_aliases) {
			for (i=0;hostentptr->h_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
				printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr->h_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, i, hostentptr->h_aliases[i]);
			}
		}
		if (hostentptr->h_addrtype==AF_INET && hostentptr->h_addr_list) {
			for (i=0;hostentptr->h_addr_list[i]!=0;i++) {
				memset(buffaddr, 0x00, sizeof(buffaddr));
				inet_ntop(PF_INET, hostentptr->h_addr_list[i], buffaddr, sizeof(buffaddr));
				printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr->h_addr_list[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, i, buffaddr);
			}
		}
		if (hostentptr->h_addrtype==AF_INET6 && hostentptr->h_addr_list) {
			for (i=0;hostentptr->h_addr_list[i]!=0;i++) {
				memset(buffaddr, 0x00, sizeof(buffaddr));
				inet_ntop(PF_INET6, hostentptr->h_addr_list[i], buffaddr, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
				printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr->h_addr_list[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, i, buffaddr);
			}
		}
	} else {
		switch (h_errno) {
		case NETDB_SUCCESS:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname2(), Reason: NETDB_SUCCESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NETDB_SUCCESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname2(), Reason: HOST_NOT_FOUND=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, HOST_NOT_FOUND, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case TRY_AGAIN:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname2(), Reason: TRY_AGAIN=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, TRY_AGAIN, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_RECOVERY:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname2(), Reason: NO_RECOVERY=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NO_RECOVERY, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_DATA:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname2(), Reason: NO_DATA=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NO_DATA, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		/*#define NO_ADDRESS  NO_DATA - duplicate case value */
		/*case NO_ADDRESS:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname2(), Reason: NO_ADDRESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NO_ADDRESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;*/
		case NETDB_INTERNAL:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname2(), Reason: NETDB_INTERNAL=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NETDB_INTERNAL, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		default:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyname2(argv[2]=%s, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyname2(), Reason: NETDB:UNKNOWN:ERROR %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		}
	}
	
	
	
	inaddr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[3]);
	ai_family=AF_INET;
	printf("%s: inaddr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[3]=%s): inaddr.s_addr=%08X ntohl(inaddr.s_addr)=%08X (%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], argv[3], inaddr.s_addr, ntohl(inaddr.s_addr), ntohl(inaddr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, ntohl(inaddr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, ntohl(inaddr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, ntohl(inaddr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF);
	hostentptr=gethostbyaddr((char*)&inaddr, sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family);
	if (hostentptr!=NULL) {
		printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): Successful gethostbyname().\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, (void*)hostentptr);
		if (hostentptr->h_name) printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X): hostentptr->h_name=%s hostentptr->h_addrtype=%d hostentptr->h_length=%d\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, hostentptr->h_name, hostentptr->h_addrtype, hostentptr->h_length);
		if (hostentptr->h_aliases) {
			for (i=0;hostentptr->h_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
				printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr->h_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, i, hostentptr->h_aliases[i]);
			}
		}
		if (hostentptr->h_addr_list) {
			for (i=0;hostentptr->h_addr_list[i]!=0;i++) {
				memset(buffaddr, 0x00, sizeof(buffaddr));
				inet_ntop(PF_INET, hostentptr->h_addr_list[i], buffaddr, sizeof(buffaddr));
				printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr->h_addr_list[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, i, buffaddr);
			}
		}
	} else {
		switch (h_errno) {
		case NETDB_SUCCESS:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyaddr(), Reason: NETDB_SUCCESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NETDB_SUCCESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyaddr(), Reason: HOST_NOT_FOUND=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, HOST_NOT_FOUND, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case TRY_AGAIN:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyaddr(), Reason: TRY_AGAIN=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, TRY_AGAIN, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_RECOVERY:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyaddr(), Reason: NO_RECOVERY=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NO_RECOVERY, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_DATA:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyaddr(), Reason: NO_DATA=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NO_DATA, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		/*#define NO_ADDRESS  NO_DATA - duplicate case value */
		/*case NO_ADDRESS:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyaddr(), Reason: NO_ADDRESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NO_ADDRESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;*/
		case NETDB_INTERNAL:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyaddr(), Reason: NETDB_INTERNAL=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, NETDB_INTERNAL, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		default:
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostbyaddr(inaddr=%08X, sizeof(struct in_addr)=%lu, ai_family=%d): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostbyaddr(), Reason: NETDB:UNKNOWN:ERROR %d:%s\n", argv[0], inaddr.s_addr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct in_addr), ai_family, (void*)hostentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <unistd.h>        /* for R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK, environ, access(), lseek(), close(), read(), write(), pipe(), alarm(), sleep(), ualarm(), usleep(), pause(), chown(), chdir(), getcwd(), */
                           /* for exec[...](), nice(), getpid(), getppid(), setpgid(), setsid(), getsid(), getuid(), geteuid(). getgid(), getegid(), setuid(), seteuid(), setgid(), setegid(), fork(), */
                           /* for link(), symlink(), readlink(), unlink(), rmdir(), getlogin(), setlogin(), gethostname(), sethostname(), daemon(), chroot(), getpass(), [f]sync(), [f]truncate(), syscall(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct hostent *hostentptr;
	int stayopen;
	char buffaddr[16];
	int i;
	
	if (argc<1) {
		printf("Usage: %s\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	stayopen=1;
	sethostent(stayopen);
	
	while (1) {
		hostentptr=gethostent();
		if (hostentptr!=NULL) {
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostent(): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): Successful gethostent().\n", argv[0], (void*)hostentptr);
			if (hostentptr->h_name) printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostent(): hostentptr->h_addrtype=%d hostentptr->h_name=%s hostentptr->h_length=%d\n", argv[0], hostentptr->h_addrtype, hostentptr->h_name, hostentptr->h_length);
			if (hostentptr->h_aliases) {
				for (i=0;hostentptr->h_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
					printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostent(): hostentptr->h_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], i, hostentptr->h_aliases[i]);
				}
			}
			if (hostentptr->h_addr_list) {
				for (i=0;hostentptr->h_addr_list[i]!=0;i++) {
					memset(buffaddr, 0x00, sizeof(buffaddr));
					inet_ntop(PF_INET, hostentptr->h_addr_list[i], buffaddr, sizeof(buffaddr));
					printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostent(): hostentptr->h_addr_list[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], i, buffaddr);
				}
			}
		} else {
			printf("%s: hostentptr=gethostent(): hostentptr=%p if (hostentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to gethostent(), Reason: %d:%s\n", argv[0], (void*)hostentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
			break;
		}
	}
	
	endhostent();
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <unistd.h>        /* for R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK, environ, access(), lseek(), close(), read(), write(), pipe(), alarm(), sleep(), ualarm(), usleep(), pause(), chown(), chdir(), getcwd(), */
                           /* for exec[...](), nice(), getpid(), getppid(), setpgid(), setsid(), getsid(), getuid(), geteuid(). getgid(), getegid(), setuid(), seteuid(), setgid(), setegid(), fork(), */
                           /* for link(), symlink(), readlink(), unlink(), rmdir(), getlogin(), setlogin(), gethostname(), sethostname(), daemon(), chroot(), getpass(), [f]sync(), [f]truncate(), syscall(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
#else
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	char buffdata[1024];
	int result;
	
	if (argc<2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <hostname>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s localhost\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s www.example.org\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	memset(buffdata, 0x00, sizeof(buffdata));
	result=gethostname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata));
	if (result>=0) printf("%s: result=gethostname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata)): result=%d if (result>=0): Successful get hostname, buffdata=|%s|\n", argv[0], result, buffdata);
	else           printf("%s: result=gethostname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata)): result=%d if (result>=0): \n", argv[0], result);
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* sethostname() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: sethostname() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	result=sethostname(argv[1], strlen(argv[1]));
	if (result>=0) printf("%s: result=sethostname(argv[1]=%s, strlen(argv[1])): result=%d if (result>=0): Successful get hostname\n", argv[0], argv[1], result);
	else           printf("%s: result=sethostname(argv[1]=%s, strlen(argv[1])): result=%d if (result>=0): else: Unable set hostname, Reason: %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], result, errno, strerror(errno));
#endif
	
	memset(buffdata, 0x00, sizeof(buffdata));
	result=gethostname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata));
	if (result>=0) printf("%s: result=gethostname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata)): result=%d if (result>=0): Successful get hostname, buffdata=|%s|\n", argv[0], result, buffdata);
	else           printf("%s: result=gethostname(buffdata, sizeof(buffdata)): result=%d if (result>=0): \n", argv[0], result);
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkstemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), labs(), llabs(), getloadavg(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), memrchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <sys/socket.h>  /* for bits/socket.h, SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, SOCK_PACKET, AF_UNIX, PF_UNIX, AF_FILE, PF_FILE, AF_INET, PF_INET, MSG_OOB, MSG_PEEK, MSG_DONTWAIT, struct msghdr, struct sockaddr, struct osockaddr, */
                           /* for socket(), bind(), getsockname(), connect(), getpeername(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), sendmsg(), recvmsg(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), listen(), accept(), shutdown(), sockatmark(), */
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netinet/in.h>  /* need in OpenBSD, for in_port_t, in_addr_t, struct in_addr, struct in6_addr, struct sockaddr_in, struct sockaddr_in6, ntohl(), ntohs(), htonl(), htons(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	char *self;
	struct sockaddr_in  sockipv4addr;
	struct sockaddr_in6 sockipv6addr;
	char hostaddr[1024];
	char service[20];
	int result;
	
	self=strrchr(argv[0], '/');
	if (self!=NULL) self++;
	else self=argv[0];
	
	if (argc<3) {
		printf("Usage: %s <ipv4addr> <ipv6addr> <ipport>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s 127.0.0.1 ::1 80\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	/* and this call is the same as the inet_aton() call, above: */
	memset(&sockipv4addr, 0x00, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	memset(&sockipv6addr, 0x00, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));
	
	sockipv4addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
	sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]);
	sockipv4addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[3]));
	printf("%s: sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]=%s): sockipv4addr.sin_family=%d sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr=%08X ntohs(sockipv4addr.sin_port=%d)=%d\n", self, argv[1], sockipv4addr.sin_family, (unsigned int)sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr, sockipv4addr.sin_port, ntohs(sockipv4addr.sin_port));
	
	sockipv6addr.sin6_family=AF_INET6;
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	result=-1;
#else
	result=inet_pton(AF_INET6, argv[2], &sockipv6addr.sin6_addr);
#endif
	sockipv6addr.sin6_port=htons(atoi(argv[3]));
	printf("%s: result=inet_pton(AF_INET6=%d, argv[2]=%s, &sockipv6addr.sin6_addr): sockipv6addr.sin6_family=%d sockipv6addr.sin6_addr ntohs(sockipv6addr.sin6_port=%d)=%d\n", self, AF_INET6, argv[1], sockipv6addr.sin6_family, sockipv6addr.sin6_port, ntohs(sockipv6addr.sin6_port));
	
	/* pretend sa is full of good information about the host and port... */
	result=getnameinfo((struct sockaddr*)&sockipv4addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in), hostaddr, sizeof(hostaddr), service, sizeof(service), 0);
	printf("%s: getnameinfo((struct sockaddr*)&sockipv4addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)=%lu, hostaddr=%s, sizeof(hostaddr)=%lu, service=%s, sizeof(service)=%lu, 0):\n", self, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in), hostaddr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(hostaddr), service, (unsigned long int)sizeof(service)); /* e.g. "www.example.org" */ /* e.g. "http" */
	
	result=getnameinfo((struct sockaddr*)&sockipv6addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6), hostaddr, sizeof(hostaddr), service, sizeof(service), 0);
	printf("%s: getnameinfo((struct sockaddr*)&sockipv6addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)=%lu, hostaddr=%s, sizeof(hostaddr)=%lu, service=%s, sizeof(service)=%lu, 0):\n", self, (unsigned long int)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6), hostaddr, (unsigned long int)sizeof(hostaddr), service, (unsigned long int)sizeof(service)); /* e.g. "www.example.org" */ /* e.g. "http" */
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, getnetbyname(), getnetbyaddr(), */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), getnetbyaddr(), getnetbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct netent *netentptr;
	uint32_t netaddr;
	int ai_family;
	int i;
	
	if (argc<4) {
		printf("Usage: %s <address family> <netname> <netaddress>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s AF_INET default 0.0.0.0\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s AF_INET loopback 127.0.0.0\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s AF_INET link-local 169.254.0.0\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_UNSPEC",strlen("AF_UNSPEC"))!=0 && strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET",strlen("AF_INET"))!=0 && strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET6",strlen("AF_INET6"))!=0) {
		printf("%s Bad address family: allowed: AF_UNSPEC, AF_INET, AF_INET6\n", argv[0]);
		return 1;
	}
	
	
	
	netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]);
	if (netentptr!=NULL) {
		printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): Successful getnetbyname().\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)netentptr);
		if (netentptr->n_name) printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr->n_name=%s netentptr->n_addrtype=%d netentptr->n_net=%08X (%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], argv[2], netentptr->n_name, netentptr->n_addrtype, netentptr->n_net, netentptr->n_net>>24&0xFF, netentptr->n_net>>16&0xFF, netentptr->n_net>>8&0xFF, netentptr->n_net>>0&0xFF);
		if (netentptr->n_aliases) {
			for (i=0;netentptr->n_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
				printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr->n_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], i, netentptr->n_aliases[i]);
			}
		}
	} else {
		switch (h_errno) {
		case NETDB_SUCCESS:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyname(), Reason: NETDB_SUCCESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)netentptr, NETDB_SUCCESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyname(), Reason: HOST_NOT_FOUND=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)netentptr, HOST_NOT_FOUND, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case TRY_AGAIN:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyname(), Reason: TRY_AGAIN=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)netentptr, TRY_AGAIN, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_RECOVERY:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyname(), Reason: NO_RECOVERY=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)netentptr, NO_RECOVERY, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_DATA:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyname(), Reason: NO_DATA=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)netentptr, NO_DATA, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		/*#define NO_ADDRESS  NO_DATA - duplicate case value */
		/*case NO_ADDRESS:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyname(), Reason: NO_ADDRESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)netentptr, NO_ADDRESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;*/
		case NETDB_INTERNAL:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyname(), Reason: NETDB_INTERNAL=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)netentptr, NETDB_INTERNAL, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		default:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyname(argv[2]=%s): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyname(), Reason: %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], (void*)netentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		}
	}
	
	
	
	ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_UNSPEC",strlen("AF_UNSPEC"))==0) ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET"  ,strlen("AF_INET"  ))==0) ai_family = AF_INET;
	if (strncmp(argv[1],"AF_INET6" ,strlen("AF_INET6" ))==0) ai_family = AF_INET6;
	
	netaddr=inet_addr(argv[3]);
	netentptr=getnetbyaddr(htonl(netaddr), ai_family);
	if (netentptr!=NULL) {
		printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(htonl(netaddr)=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): Successful getnetbyaddr().\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, (void*)netentptr);
		if (netentptr->n_name) printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(htonl(netaddr)=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr->n_name=%s netentptr->n_addrtype=%d netentptr->n_net=%08X (%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, netentptr->n_name, netentptr->n_addrtype, netentptr->n_net, netentptr->n_net>>24&0xFF, netentptr->n_net>>16&0xFF, netentptr->n_net>>8&0xFF, netentptr->n_net>>0&0xFF);
		if (netentptr->n_aliases) {
			for (i=0;netentptr->n_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
				printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(netaddr=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr->h_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, i, netentptr->n_aliases[i]);
			}
		}
	} else {
		switch (h_errno) {
		case NETDB_SUCCESS:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(netaddr=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyaddr(), Reason: NETDB_SUCCESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, (void*)netentptr, NETDB_SUCCESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(netaddr=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyaddr(), Reason: HOST_NOT_FOUND=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, (void*)netentptr, HOST_NOT_FOUND, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case TRY_AGAIN:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(netaddr=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyaddr(), Reason: TRY_AGAIN=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, (void*)netentptr, TRY_AGAIN, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_RECOVERY:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(netaddr=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyaddr(), Reason: NO_RECOVERY=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, (void*)netentptr, NO_RECOVERY, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_DATA:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(netaddr=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyaddr(), Reason: NO_DATA=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, (void*)netentptr, NO_DATA, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		/*#define NO_ADDRESS  NO_DATA - duplicate case value */
		/*case NO_ADDRESS:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(netaddr=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyaddr(), Reason: NO_ADDRESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, (void*)netentptr, NO_ADDRESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;*/
		case NETDB_INTERNAL:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(netaddr=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyaddr(), Reason: NETDB_INTERNAL=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, (void*)netentptr, NETDB_INTERNAL, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		default:
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetbyaddr(netaddr=%08X, ai_family=%d): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetbyaddr(), Reason: %d:%s\n", argv[0], netaddr, ai_family, (void*)netentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <unistd.h>        /* for R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK, environ, access(), lseek(), close(), read(), write(), pipe(), alarm(), sleep(), ualarm(), usleep(), pause(), chown(), chdir(), getcwd(), */
                           /* for exec[...](), nice(), getpid(), getppid(), setpgid(), setsid(), getsid(), getuid(), geteuid(). getgid(), getegid(), setuid(), seteuid(), setgid(), setegid(), fork(), */
                           /* for link(), symlink(), readlink(), unlink(), rmdir(), getlogin(), setlogin(), gethostname(), sethostname(), daemon(), chroot(), getpass(), [f]sync(), [f]truncate(), syscall(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct netent *netentptr;
	int stayopen;
	int i;
	
	if (argc<1) {
		printf("Usage: %s\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	stayopen=1;
	setnetent(stayopen);
	
	while (1) {
		netentptr=getnetent();
		if (netentptr!=NULL) {
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetent(): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): Successful getnetent().\n", argv[0], (void*)netentptr);
			if (netentptr->n_name) printf("%s: netentptr=getnetent(): netentptr->n_addrtype=%d netentptr->n_name=%s netentptr->n_net=%u (%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], netentptr->n_addrtype, netentptr->n_name, netentptr->n_net, netentptr->n_net>>24&0xFF, netentptr->n_net>>16&0xFF, netentptr->n_net>>8&0xFF, netentptr->n_net>>0&0xFF);
			if (netentptr->n_aliases) {
				for (i=0;netentptr->n_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
					printf("%s: netentptr=getnetent(): netentptr->n_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], i, netentptr->n_aliases[i]);
				}
			}
		} else {
			printf("%s: netentptr=getnetent(): netentptr=%p if (netentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getnetent(), Reason: %d:%s\n", argv[0], (void*)netentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
			break;
		}
	}
	
	endnetent();
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), memrchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <unistd.h>        /* for R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK, environ, access(), lseek(), close(), read(), write(), pipe(), alarm(), sleep(), ualarm(), usleep(), pause(), chown(), chdir(), getcwd(), */
                           /* for exec[...](), nice(), getpid(), getppid(), setpgid(), setsid(), getsid(), getuid(), geteuid(), getgid(), getegid(), setuid(), seteuid(), setgid(), setegid(), fork(), */
                           /* for link(), symlink(), readlink(), unlink(), rmdir(), getlogin(), setlogin(), gethostname(), sethostname(), daemon(), chroot(), getpass(), [f]sync(), [f]truncate(), syscall(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
#else
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#if defined(NEED_NETGROUP_H)
  #include <netgroup.h>    /* need in OpenBSD, for struct netgroup, setnetgrent(), getnetgrent(), endnetgrent(), innetgr(), */
#endif
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	char *self;
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
#else
	char *netgrptrs[3];
	int result;
#endif
	
	self=strrchr(argv[0], '/');
	if (self!=NULL) self++;
	else self=argv[0];
	
	if (argc<2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <netgroup>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s wan\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s machines\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s people\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s netgroup\n", argv[0]);
		printf("\n");
		printf("Configuration of /etc/nsswitch.conf\n");
		printf("netgroup:   files\n");
		printf("\n");
		printf("Content of /etc/netgroup\n");
		printf("------------------------\n");
		printf("wan       (gateway , , ) (gateway-ebb , , )\n");
		printf("machines  (venus, -, star)\n");
		printf("people    (-, bob, star)\n");
		printf("netgroup  (hostname, username, domain)\n");
		return 0;
	}
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* setnetgrent() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	/* getnetgrent() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	/* endnetgrent() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: setnetgrent() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", self);
	printf("%s: getnetgrent() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", self);
	printf("%s: endnetgrent() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", self);
#else
	setnetgrent(argv[1]);
	
	while (1) {
		result=getnetgrent(netgrptrs+0, netgrptrs+1, netgrptrs+2);
		if (result>0) {
			printf("%s: result=getnetgrent(netgrptrs+0, netgrptrs+1, netgrptrs+2): result=%d if (result>0): Successful getnetgrent().\n", self, result);
			printf("%s: result=getnetgrent(netgrptrs+0, netgrptrs+1, netgrptrs+2): netgrptrs[0](hostgroup)=%s, netgrptrs[1](usergroup)=%s, netgrptrs[2](domain)=%s\n", self, netgrptrs[0], netgrptrs[1], netgrptrs[2]);
		} else {
			break;
		}
	}
	
	endnetgrent();
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkstemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), labs(), llabs(), getloadavg(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), getprotobynumber(), getprotobyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getprotobyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct protoent *protoentptr;
	int i;
	
	if (argc<3) {
		printf("Usage: %s <protoname> <protonum>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s icmp 1\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s tcp  6\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s udp 17\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]);
	if (protoentptr!=NULL) {
		printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): Successful getprotobyname().\n", argv[0], argv[1], (void*)protoentptr);
		if (protoentptr->p_name) printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr->p_name=%s protoentptr->p_proto=%d\n", argv[0], argv[1], protoentptr->p_name, protoentptr->p_proto);
		if (protoentptr->p_aliases) {
			for (i=0;protoentptr->p_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
				printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr->p_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], i, protoentptr->p_aliases[i]);
			}
		}
	} else {
		switch (h_errno) {
		case NETDB_SUCCESS:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobyname(), Reason: NETDB_SUCCESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], (void*)protoentptr, NETDB_SUCCESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobyname(), Reason: HOST_NOT_FOUND=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], (void*)protoentptr, HOST_NOT_FOUND, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case TRY_AGAIN:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobyname(), Reason: TRY_AGAIN=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], (void*)protoentptr, TRY_AGAIN, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_RECOVERY:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobyname(), Reason: NO_RECOVERY=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], (void*)protoentptr, NO_RECOVERY, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_DATA:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobyname(), Reason: NO_DATA=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], (void*)protoentptr, NO_DATA, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		/*#define NO_ADDRESS  NO_DATA - duplicate case value */
		/*case NO_ADDRESS:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobyname(), Reason: NO_ADDRESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], (void*)protoentptr, NO_ADDRESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;*/
		case NETDB_INTERNAL:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobyname(), Reason: NETDB_INTERNAL=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], (void*)protoentptr, NETDB_INTERNAL, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		default:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobyname(argv[1]=%s): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobyname(), Reason: NETDB:UNKNOWN:ERROR %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], (void*)protoentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		}
		
	}
	
	protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]));
	if (protoentptr!=NULL) {
		printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): Successful getprotobyname().\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), (void*)protoentptr);
		if (protoentptr->p_name) printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr->p_name=%s protoentptr->p_proto=%d\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), protoentptr->p_name, protoentptr->p_proto);
		if (protoentptr->p_aliases) {
			for (i=0;protoentptr->p_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
				printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr->p_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), i, protoentptr->p_aliases[i]);
			}
		}
	} else {
		switch (h_errno) {
		case NETDB_SUCCESS:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobynumber(), Reason: NETDB_SUCCESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), (void*)protoentptr, NETDB_SUCCESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobynumber(), Reason: HOST_NOT_FOUND=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), (void*)protoentptr, HOST_NOT_FOUND, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case TRY_AGAIN:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobynumber(), Reason: TRY_AGAIN=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), (void*)protoentptr, TRY_AGAIN, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_RECOVERY:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobynumber(), Reason: NO_RECOVERY=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), (void*)protoentptr, NO_RECOVERY, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_DATA:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobynumber(), Reason: NO_DATA=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), (void*)protoentptr, NO_DATA, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		/*#define NO_ADDRESS  NO_DATA - duplicate case value */
		/*case NO_ADDRESS:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobynumber(), Reason: NO_ADDRESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), (void*)protoentptr, NO_ADDRESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;*/
		case NETDB_INTERNAL:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobynumber(), Reason: NETDB_INTERNAL=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), (void*)protoentptr, NETDB_INTERNAL, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		default:
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotobynumber(atoi(argv[2]=%s)=%d): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotobynumber(), Reason: NETDB:UNKNOWN:ERROR %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], atoi(argv[2]), (void*)protoentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <unistd.h>        /* for R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK, environ, access(), lseek(), close(), read(), write(), pipe(), alarm(), sleep(), ualarm(), usleep(), pause(), chown(), chdir(), getcwd(), */
                           /* for exec[...](), nice(), getpid(), getppid(), setpgid(), setsid(), getsid(), getuid(), geteuid(). getgid(), getegid(), setuid(), seteuid(), setgid(), setegid(), fork(), */
                           /* for link(), symlink(), readlink(), unlink(), rmdir(), getlogin(), setlogin(), gethostname(), sethostname(), daemon(), chroot(), getpass(), [f]sync(), [f]truncate(), syscall(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct protoent *protoentptr;
	int stayopen;
	int i;
	
	if (argc<1) {
		printf("Usage: %s\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	stayopen=1;
	setprotoent(stayopen);
	
	while (1) {
		protoentptr=getprotoent();
		if (protoentptr!=NULL) {
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotoent(): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): Successful getprotoent().\n", argv[0], (void*)protoentptr);
			if (protoentptr->p_name) printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotoent(): protoentptr->p_name=%s protoentptr->p_proto=%d\n", argv[0], protoentptr->p_name, protoentptr->p_proto);
			if (protoentptr->p_aliases) {
				for (i=0;protoentptr->p_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
					printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotoent(): protoentptr->p_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], i, protoentptr->p_aliases[i]);
				}
			}
		} else {
			printf("%s: protoentptr=getprotoent(): protoentptr=%p if (protoentptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getprotoent(), Reason: %d:%s\n", argv[0], (void*)protoentptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
			break;
		}
	}
	
	endprotoent();
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkstemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), labs(), llabs(), getloadavg(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), getservbyport(), getservbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct servent *serventptr;
	int i;
	
	if (argc<4) {
		printf("Usage: %s <servicename> <serviceport> <service-protocol>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s ssh     22 tcp\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s domain  53 tcp\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s domain  53 udp\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s http    80 tcp\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s snmp   161 udp\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1], argv[3]);
	if (serventptr!=NULL) {
		printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): Successful getservbyname().\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], (void*)serventptr);
		if (serventptr->s_name) printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr->s_name=%s ntohs(serventptr->s_port)=%d serventptr->s_proto=%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], serventptr->s_name, ntohs(serventptr->s_port), serventptr->s_proto);
		if (serventptr->s_aliases) {
			for (i=0;serventptr->s_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
				printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr->s_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], i, serventptr->s_aliases[i]);
			}
		}
	} else {
		switch (h_errno) {
		case NETDB_SUCCESS:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyname(), Reason: NETDB_SUCCESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NETDB_SUCCESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyname(), Reason: HOST_NOT_FOUND=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, HOST_NOT_FOUND, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case TRY_AGAIN:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyname(), Reason: TRY_AGAIN=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, TRY_AGAIN, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_RECOVERY:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyname(), Reason: NO_RECOVERY=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NO_RECOVERY, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_DATA:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyname(), Reason: NO_DATA=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NO_DATA, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		/*#define NO_ADDRESS  NO_DATA - duplicate case value */
		/*case NO_ADDRESS:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyname(), Reason: NO_ADDRESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NO_ADDRESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;*/
		case NETDB_INTERNAL:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyname(), Reason: NETDB_INTERNAL=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NETDB_INTERNAL, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		default:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyname(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyname(), Reason: NETDB:UNKNOWN:ERROR %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[1], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		}
		
	}
	
	serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2])), argv[3]);
	if (serventptr!=NULL) {
		printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(argv[1]=%s, argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): Successful getservbyname().\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], (void*)serventptr);
		if (serventptr->s_name) printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr->s_name=%s ntohs(serventptr->s_port)=%d serventptr->s_proto=%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], serventptr->s_name, ntohs(serventptr->s_port), serventptr->s_proto);
		if (serventptr->s_aliases) {
			for (i=0;serventptr->s_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
				printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr->s_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], i, serventptr->s_aliases[i]);
			}
		}
	} else {
		switch (h_errno) {
		case NETDB_SUCCESS:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyport(), Reason: NETDB_SUCCESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NETDB_SUCCESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyport(), Reason: HOST_NOT_FOUND=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, HOST_NOT_FOUND, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case TRY_AGAIN:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyport(), Reason: TRY_AGAIN=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, TRY_AGAIN, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_RECOVERY:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyport(), Reason: NO_RECOVERY=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NO_RECOVERY, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		case NO_DATA:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyport(), Reason: NO_DATA=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NO_DATA, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		/*#define NO_ADDRESS  NO_DATA - duplicate case value */
		/*case NO_ADDRESS:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyport(), Reason: NO_ADDRESS=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NO_ADDRESS, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;*/
		case NETDB_INTERNAL:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyport(), Reason: NETDB_INTERNAL=%d %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, NETDB_INTERNAL, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		default:
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservbyport(htons(atoi(argv[2]=%s)), argv[3]=%s): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservbyport(), Reason: NETDB:UNKNOWN:ERROR %d:%s\n", argv[0], argv[2], argv[3], (void*)serventptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
		break;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <unistd.h>        /* for R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK, environ, access(), lseek(), close(), read(), write(), pipe(), alarm(), sleep(), ualarm(), usleep(), pause(), chown(), chdir(), getcwd(), */
                           /* for exec[...](), nice(), getpid(), getppid(), setpgid(), setsid(), getsid(), getuid(), geteuid(). getgid(), getegid(), setuid(), seteuid(), setgid(), setegid(), fork(), */
                           /* for link(), symlink(), readlink(), unlink(), rmdir(), getlogin(), setlogin(), gethostname(), sethostname(), daemon(), chroot(), getpass(), [f]sync(), [f]truncate(), syscall(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct servent *serventptr;
	int stayopen;
	int i;
	
	if (argc<1) {
		printf("Usage: %s\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	stayopen=1;
	setservent(stayopen);
	
	while (1) {
		serventptr=getservent();
		if (serventptr!=NULL) {
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservent(): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): Successful getservent().\n", argv[0], (void*)serventptr);
			if (serventptr->s_name) printf("%s: serventptr=getservent(): serventptr->s_name=%s serventptr->s_port=%d serventptr->s_proto=%s\n", argv[0], serventptr->s_name, serventptr->s_port, serventptr->s_proto);
			if (serventptr->s_aliases) {
				for (i=0;serventptr->s_aliases[i]!=0;i++) {
					printf("%s: serventptr=getservent(): serventptr->s_aliases[%d]=%s\n", argv[0], i, serventptr->s_aliases[i]);
				}
			}
		} else {
			printf("%s: serventptr=getservent(): serventptr=%p if (serventptr!=NULL): else: Unable to getservent(), Reason: %d:%s\n", argv[0], (void*)serventptr, h_errno, hstrerror(h_errno));
			break;
		}
	}
	
	endservent();
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkstemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), labs(), llabs(), getloadavg(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct in_addr sin_addr;
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
#else
	char chip4addr[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
	char *spipaddr;
#endif
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
#else
	struct in6_addr sin6_addr;
	char chip6addr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
#endif
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
#else
	int result;
#endif
	struct sockaddr_in sockipv4addr;
	in_addr_t inetipv4addr;
	int iaport;
	
	if (argc<3) {
		printf("Usage: %s <ipv4addr> <ipv6addr> <ipport>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s 10.2.3.4 2001:db8:8714:3a90::12 22\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 172.16.3.4 2001:db8:8714:3a90::12 53\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 192.168.3.4 2001:db8:8714:3a90::12 80\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 192.0.2.33 2001:db8:8714:3a90::12 443\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_aton() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_aton() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	result=inet_aton(argv[1], &sin_addr); /* store IP in antelope */
	printf("%s: result=inet_aton(argv[1]=%s, &sin_addr=%08X): result=%d ntohl(sin_addr)=%08X(%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], argv[1], sin_addr.s_addr, result, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF);
#endif
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_ntoa() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_ntoa() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	spipaddr=inet_ntoa(sin_addr); /* return the IP */
	printf("%s: spipaddr=inet_ntoa(sin_addr=%08X): ntohl(sin_addr)=%08X(%d.%d.%d.%d) spipaddr=%s \n", argv[0], sin_addr.s_addr, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF, spipaddr); /* prints "10.2.3.4" */
#endif
	
	/* and this call is the same as the inet_aton() call, above: */
	sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]);
	printf("%s: sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]=%s): sin_addr.s_addr=%08X ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)=%08X(%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], argv[1], sin_addr.s_addr, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF);
	
	
	iaport=atoi(argv[3]);
	printf("%s: iaport=atoi(argv[3]=%s): iaport=%d\n", argv[0], argv[3], iaport);
	inetipv4addr=htonl(sin_addr.s_addr);
	printf("%s: inetipv4addr=htonl(sin_addr.s_addr=%08X): inetipv4addr=%08X(%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], sin_addr.s_addr, inetipv4addr, inetipv4addr>>24&0xFF, inetipv4addr>>16&0xFF, inetipv4addr>>8&0xFF, inetipv4addr>>0&0xFF);
	memset(&sockipv4addr, 0x00, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	sockipv4addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
	sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(inetipv4addr);
	sockipv4addr.sin_port = htons(iaport);
	printf("%s: sockipv4addr.sin_family=%d sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr=%08X sockipv4addr.sin_port=%d\n", argv[0], sockipv4addr.sin_family, sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr, sockipv4addr.sin_port);
	printf("%s: sockipv4addr.sin_family=%d ntohl(sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr)=%08X(%d.%d.%d.%d) ntohs(sockipv4addr.sin_port)=%d\n", argv[0], sockipv4addr.sin_family, ntohl(sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr), ntohl(sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, ntohl(sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, ntohl(sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, ntohl(sockipv4addr.sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF, ntohs(sockipv4addr.sin_port));
	
	
	/* store this IP address in sa: */
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_pton() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_netof() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	result=inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &sin_addr);
	printf("%s: result=inet_pton(AF_INET=%d, argv[1]=%s, &sin_addr=%08X): sin_addr=%08X(%d.%d.%d.%d) result=%d\n", argv[0], AF_INET, argv[1], sin_addr.s_addr, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF, result);
#endif
	
	/* now get it back and print it */
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_ntop() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_ntop() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	spipaddr=(char*)inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sin_addr, chip4addr, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
	printf("%s: spipaddr=inet_ntop(AF_INET=%d, &sin_addr=%08X, chip4addr=%s, INET_ADDRSTRLEN=%d): sin_addr=%08X(%d.%d.%d.%d) spipaddr=%s\n", argv[0], AF_INET, sin_addr.s_addr, chip4addr, INET_ADDRSTRLEN, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, (unsigned int)ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF, spipaddr); /* prints "192.0.2.33" */
#endif
	
	
	
	/* store this IP address in sa: */
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_pton() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_pton() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	result=inet_pton(AF_INET6, argv[2], &sin6_addr);
	printf("%s: result=inet_pton(AF_INET6=%d, argv[2]=%s, &sin6_addr=%08X.%08X.%08X.%08X): result=%d\n", argv[0], AF_INET6, argv[2], sin6_addr.s6_addr32[0], sin6_addr.s6_addr32[1], sin6_addr.s6_addr32[2], sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3], result);
#endif
	
	/* now get it back and print it */
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_ntop() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_ntop() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	spipaddr=(char*)inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &sin6_addr, chip6addr, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
	printf("%s: spipaddr=inet_ntop(AF_INET6=%d, &sin6_addr=%08X:%08X:%08X:%08X, chip6addr=%s, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN=%d): spipaddr=%s\n", argv[0], AF_INET6, sin6_addr.s6_addr32[0], sin6_addr.s6_addr32[1], sin6_addr.s6_addr32[2], sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3], chip6addr, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN, spipaddr); /* prints "2001:db8:8714:3a90::12" */
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdint.h>        /* for INT(8|16|32|64)_MIN, INT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, UINT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t, uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
#endif

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
typedef uint32_t in_addr_t;
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct in_addr sin_addr;
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
#else
	in_addr_t inetaddr;
#endif
	
	if (argc<2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <ip4addr>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s 10.2.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 172.16.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 192.2.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 178.2.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 194.2.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
	printf("%s: sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]=%s): sin_addr.s_addr=%08X\n", argv[0], argv[1], (unsigned int)sin_addr.s_addr);
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_lnaof() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_lnaof() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	inetaddr=inet_lnaof(sin_addr);
	printf("%s: inetaddr=inet_lnaof(sin_addr=%08X): inetaddr=%08X (%d) (%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], sin_addr.s_addr, (unsigned int)inetaddr, (unsigned int)inetaddr, (unsigned int)inetaddr>>24&0xFF, (unsigned int)inetaddr>>16&0xF, (unsigned int)inetaddr>>8&0xFF, (unsigned int)inetaddr>>0&0xFF );
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), llabs(), getloadavg() */
#include <stdint.h>        /* for INT(8|16|32|64)_MIN, INT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, UINT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t, uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
#endif

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
typedef uint32_t in_addr_t;
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	struct in_addr sin_addr;
	in_addr_t inethost;
	in_addr_t inetaddr;
	
	if (argc<3) {
		printf("Usage: %s <inethost> <inethost>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s 10 131844\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 44048 772\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 49154 772\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 45570 772\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 49666 772\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	inetaddr=atoi(argv[1]);
	inethost=atoi(argv[2]);
	
	sin_addr.s_addr=0x00;
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_makeaddr() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_makeaddr() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	sin_addr=inet_makeaddr(inetaddr, inethost);
	printf("%s sockip4addr=inet_makeaddr(inetaddr=%08X(%d), inethost=%08X(%d)): sin_addr.s_addr=%08X ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)=%08X (%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], inetaddr, inetaddr, inethost, inethost, sin_addr.s_addr, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF);
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), llabs(), getloadavg() */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), memrchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <sys/socket.h>  /* for bits/socket.h, SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, SOCK_PACKET, AF_UNIX, PF_UNIX, AF_FILE, PF_FILE, AF_INET, PF_INET, MSG_OOB, MSG_PEEK, MSG_DONTWAIT, struct msghdr, struct sockaddr, struct osockaddr, */
                           /* for socket(), bind(), getsockname(), connect(), getpeername(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), sendmsg(), recvmsg(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), listen(), accept(), shutdown(), sockatmark(), */
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	char *self;
	struct in_addr sin_addr;
	int bits;
	char charbuff[1024];
	char *result;
	
	self=strrchr(argv[0], '/');
	if (self!=NULL) self++;
	else self=argv[0];
	
	if (argc<3) {
		printf("Usage: %s <inetaddr> <bits>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s 10.2.3.4 28\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 10.2.3.4 24\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 10.2.3.4 20\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 10.2.3.4 16\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 10.2.3.4 12\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 10.2.3.4 8\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	memset(charbuff, 0x00, sizeof(charbuff));
	sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]);
	bits=atoi(argv[2]);
	result=NULL;
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_net_ntop() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_net_ntop() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", self);
#else
	printf("%s: result=inet_net_ntop(AF_INET=%d, sin_addr.s_addr=%08X ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)=%08X (%d.%d.%d.%d), bits=%d, charbuff=%s, buffsize=%u):\n", self, AF_INET, sin_addr.s_addr, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF, bits, charbuff, (unsigned int)sizeof(charbuff));
	result=inet_net_ntop(AF_INET, &sin_addr.s_addr, bits, charbuff, sizeof(charbuff));
	if (result!=NULL) printf("%s: result=inet_net_ntop(AF_INET=%d, sin_addr.s_addr=%08X ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)=%08X (%d.%d.%d.%d), bits=%d, charbuff=%s, buffsize=%u): result=%s if (result!=NULL): Successful inet_net_ntop().\n", self, AF_INET, sin_addr.s_addr, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF, bits, charbuff, (unsigned int)sizeof(charbuff), result);
	else              printf("%s: result=inet_net_ntop(AF_INET=%d, sin_addr.s_addr=%08X ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)=%08X (%d.%d.%d.%d), bits=%d, charbuff=%s, buffsize=%u): result=%s if (result!=NULL): else: Unable to inet_net_ntop(), Reason: %d:%s\n", self, AF_INET, sin_addr.s_addr, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF, bits, charbuff, (unsigned int)sizeof(charbuff), result, errno, strerror(errno));
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), llabs(), getloadavg() */
#include <stdint.h>        /* for INT(8|16|32|64)_MIN, INT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, UINT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t, uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), memrchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
#endif

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
typedef uint32_t in_addr_t;
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	char *self;
	in_addr_t inetaddr;
	char buffaddr[1024];
	char *buffptrs;
	
	self=strrchr(argv[0], '/');
	if (self!=NULL) self++;
	else self=argv[0];
	
	if (argc<2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <network>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s 10\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 131844\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 44048\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 49154\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 45570\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 49666\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 772\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	inetaddr=atoi(argv[1]);
	printf("%s: inetaddr=atoi(argv[1]=%s): inetaddr=%u\n", self, argv[1], inetaddr);
	memset(buffaddr, 0x00, sizeof(buffaddr));
	buffptrs=NULL;
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_neta() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_neta() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", self);
#else
	buffptrs=inet_neta(inetaddr, buffaddr, sizeof(buffaddr));
	printf("%s: buffptrs=inet_neta(inetaddr=%u, buffaddr=%s, sizeof(buffaddr)=%u): buffptrs=%s\n", self, inetaddr, buffaddr, sizeof(buffaddr), buffptrs);
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkstemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), labs(), llabs(), getloadavg(), */
#include <stdint.h>        /* for INT(8|16|32|64)_MIN, INT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, UINT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t, uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), memrchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
#endif

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
typedef uint32_t in_addr_t;
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	char *self;
	struct in_addr sin_addr;
	in_addr_t inetaddr;
	
	self=strrchr(argv[0], '/');
	if (self!=NULL) self++;
	else self=argv[0];
	
	if (argc<2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <ipv4addr>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s 10.2.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 172.16.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 192.2.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 178.2.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 194.2.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
	printf("%s: sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]=%s): sin_addr.s_addr=%08X(%u.%u.%u.%u)\n", self, argv[1], (unsigned int)sin_addr.s_addr, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF);
	inetaddr=0;
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_netof() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_netof() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", self);
#else
	inetaddr=inet_netof(sin_addr);
	printf("%s: inetaddr=inet_netof(sin_addr=%08X(%u.%u.%u.%u)): inetaddr=%08X ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)=%08X (%u.%u.%u.%u)\n", self, sin_addr.s_addr, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr), ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>24&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>16&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>8&0xFF, ntohl(sin_addr.s_addr)>>0&0xFF, inetaddr, (unsigned int)inetaddr>>24&0xFF, (unsigned int)inetaddr>>16&0xFF, (unsigned int)inetaddr>>8&0xFF, (unsigned int)inetaddr>>0&0xFF);
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdint.h>        /* for INT(8|16|32|64)_MIN, INT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, UINT(8|16|32|64)_MAX, int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t, uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
#endif

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
typedef uint32_t in_addr_t;
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	in_addr_t inetaddr;
	
	if (argc<2) {
		printf("Usage: %s <network>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s 10.0.0.0\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 10.2.4.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 172.16.0.0\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 172.16.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 192.168.0.0\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 192.168.3.4\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	inetaddr=0;
	
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_network() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_network() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", argv[0]);
#else
	inetaddr=inet_network(argv[1]);
	printf("%s inetaddr=inet_network(argv[1]=%s): inetaddr=%08X (%d.%d.%d.%d)\n", argv[0], argv[1], inetaddr, inetaddr>>24&0xFF, inetaddr>>16&0xFF, inetaddr>>8&0xFF, (unsigned int)inetaddr>>0&0xFF);
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <stdlib.h>        /* for RAND_MAX, EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS, MB_CUR_MAX, atoi(), atol(), atoll(), atof(), strtod(), strtof(), strtold(), strtol(), strtoul(), strtoq(), strtouq(), strtoll(), strtoull(), */
                           /* for sys/types.h, malloc.h replaced by stdlib.h, random(), srandom(), rand(), srand(), abort(), atexit(), on_exit(), exit(), getenv(), */
                           /* for putenv(), setenv(), clearenv(), mktemp(), mkstemp(), mkdtemp(), system(), realpath(), abs(), labs(), llabs(), getloadavg(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), memrchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock2.h>    /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
                           /* for struct fd_set, FD_SET, FD_ZERO, FD_ISSET, struct timeval, struct hostent, struct linger, struct netent, struct servent, struct protoent, */
                           /* for struct WSAData, WSADATA, struct sockaddr, WSAStartup(), WSACleanup(), WSASetLastError(), WSAGetLastError(), */
                           /* for htonl(), ntohl(), htons(), ntohs(), select(), */
  #include <ws2tcpip.h>    /* for winsock2.h, for (typedef struct) INTERFACE_INFO, SIO_GET_INTERFACE_LIST, ifaddr */
#else
  #include <arpa/inet.h>   /* for netinet/in.h, in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), inet_ntoa(), inet_pton(), inet_ntop(), inet_aton(), inet_neta(), inet_net_ntop(), inet_net_pton(), */
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	char *self;
	unsigned char buffdata[16];
	unsigned int addrsize;
	char ipv4data[16];
	char *ipv4ptrs;
	unsigned int result;
	
	self=strrchr(argv[0], '/');
	if (self!=NULL) self++;
	else self=argv[0];
	
	if (argc<6) {
		printf("Usage: %s <ipv4addr> <ipv4oct1> <ipv4oct2> <ipv4oct3> <ipv4oct4>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s 0A020304  10   2   3   4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s AC100304 172  16   3   4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s C0020304 192   2   3   4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s B2B1B0AF 178 177 176 175\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s C2C3C4C5 194 195 196 197\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s 0A.02.03.04  10   2   3   4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s AC.10.03.04 172  16   3   4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s C0.02.03.04 192   2   3   4\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s B2.B1.B0.AF 178 177 176 175\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s C2.C3.C4.C5 194 195 196 197\n", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}
	
	memset(buffdata, 0x00, sizeof(buffdata));
	result=0;
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_nsap_addr() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_nsap_addr() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", self);
#else
	result=inet_nsap_addr(argv[1], buffdata, sizeof(buffdata));
	printf("%s: result=inet_nsap_addr(argv[1]=%s, buffdata[0.1.2.3]=%u.%u.%u.%u, sizeof(buffdata)=%u): result=%u\n", self, argv[1], (unsigned char)buffdata[0], (unsigned char)buffdata[1], (unsigned char)buffdata[2], (unsigned char)buffdata[3], sizeof(buffdata), result);
#endif
	
	memset(buffdata, 0x00, sizeof(buffdata));
	buffdata[0]=atoi(argv[2]);
	buffdata[1]=atoi(argv[3]);
	buffdata[2]=atoi(argv[4]);
	buffdata[3]=atoi(argv[5]);
	addrsize=4;
	memset(ipv4data, 0x00, sizeof(ipv4data));
	ipv4ptrs=NULL;
#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
	/* inet_nsap_ntoa() is not available on this OS platform !!! */
	printf("%s: inet_nsap_ntoa() is not available on this OS platform !!!\n", self);
#else
	ipv4ptrs=inet_nsap_ntoa(addrsize, buffdata, ipv4data);
	printf("%s: ipv4ptrs=inet_nsap_ntoa(addrsize=%d, buffdata[0.1.2.3]=%u.%u.%u.%u, ipv4data=%s): ipv4ptrs=%s\n", self, addrsize, (unsigned char)buffdata[0], (unsigned char)buffdata[1], (unsigned char)buffdata[2], (unsigned char)buffdata[3], ipv4data, ipv4ptrs);
#endif
	
	return 0;
}

#define  _GNU_SOURCE  1    /* for environ defined in unistd.h, to avoid warning implicit declaration of function basename, which defined in string.h */
#include <stdio.h>         /* for FILE, va_list, EOF, SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, stdin, stdout, stderr, remove(), rename(), tmpfile(), tmpnam(), tempnam(), fclose(), */
                           /* fflush(), fopen(), freopen(), fprintf(), printf(), snprintf(), scanf(), sscanf(), fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), fputc(), putc(), putchar(), */
                           /* fgets(), gets(), fputs(), puts(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind(), feof(), ferror(), fileno(), popen(), pclose(), */
#include <string.h>        /* for memcpy(), memmove(), memset(), memcmp(), memchr(), memrchr(), str[n]cpy(), str[n]cat(), str[n]cmp(), strcoll(), str[n]dup(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), */
                           /* strtok(), strcasestr(), memmem(), mempcpy(), str[n]len(), strerror(), bcopy(), bzero(), strcasecmp(), strsep(), basename(), */
#include <unistd.h>        /* for R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK, environ, access(), lseek(), close(), read(), write(), pipe(), alarm(), sleep(), ualarm(), usleep(), pause(), chown(), chdir(), getcwd(), */
                           /* for exec[...](), nice(), getpid(), getppid(), setpgid(), setsid(), getsid(), getuid(), geteuid(), getgid(), getegid(), setuid(), seteuid(), setgid(), setegid(), fork(), */
                           /* for link(), symlink(), readlink(), unlink(), rmdir(), getlogin(), setlogin(), gethostname(), sethostname(), daemon(), chroot(), getpass(), [f]sync(), [f]truncate(), syscall(), */
#include <errno.h>         /* for errno constant, error constants, */

#if defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
  #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
  #include <winsock.h>     /* for SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, AF_INET, PF_INET, socket(), connect(), send(), recv(), sendto(), recvfrom(), shutdown(), */
                           /* for bind(), listen(), accept(), getsockname(), getsockopt(), setsockopt(), */
                           /* for in_addr_t, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_NONE, INADDR_BROADCAST, IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_RAW, */
                           /* for struct sockaddr_in, struct in_addr, inet_addr(), struct hostent, gethostbyname(), gethostbyaddr(), */
#else
  #include <netdb.h>       /* for herror(), hstrerror(), struct hostent, gethostent(), gethostbyaddr(), gethostbyname(), struct servent, getservent(), getservbyname(), getservbyport(), */
                           /* for struct protoent, getprotobyname(), getprotobynumber(), struct addrinfo, NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICHOST, getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), getnameinfo(), */
#if defined(NEED_NETGROUP_H)
  #include <netgroup.h>    /* need in OpenBSD, for struct netgroup, setnetgrent(), getnetgrent(), endnetgrent(), innetgr(), */
#endif
#endif



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	char *self;
	char *args1, *args2, *args3, *args4;
	int result;
	
	self=strrchr(argv[0], '/');
	if (self!=NULL) self++;
	else self=argv[0];
	
	if (argc<5) {
		printf("Usage: %s <netgroup>\n", argv[0]);
		printf("Examples:\n");
		printf("       %s netgroup hostname username domain\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s netgroup hostaaaa username domain\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s netgroup hostname useraaaa domain\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s netgroup hostname username domaaa\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s netgroup hostname \"\" \"\"\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s netgroup \"\" username \"\"\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s netgroup \"\" \"\" domain\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s netgroup host user dm\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s wan gateway \"\" \"\"\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s wan gateway user \"\"\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s wan gateway \"\" domain\n", argv[0]);
		printf("       %s wan gateway user domain\n", argv[0]);
		printf("\n");
		printf("Configuration of /etc/nsswitch.conf\n");
		printf("netgroup:   files\n");
		printf("\n");
		printf("Content of /etc/netgroup\n");
		printf("------------------------\n");
		printf("wan       (gateway , , ) (gateway-ebb , , )\n");
		printf("machines  (venus, -, star)\n");
		printf("people    (-, bob, star)\n");
		printf("netgroup  (hostname, username, domain)\n");
		return 0;
	}
	
	if (strlen(argv[1])>0) args1=argv[1];
	else args1=NULL;
	if (strlen(argv[2])>0) args2=argv[2];
	else args2=NULL;
	if (strlen(argv[3])>0) args3=argv[3];
	else args3=NULL;
	if (strlen(argv[4])>0) args4=argv[4];
	else args4=NULL;
	
	result=innetgr(args1, args2, args3, args4);
	if (result>0) printf("%s: result=innetgr(args1=%s, args2=%s, args3=%s, args4=%s): result=%d if (result>=0): NETGROUP contains the triple (HOST,USER,DOMAIN).\n", self, args1, args2, args3, args4, result);
	else          printf("%s: result=innetgr(args1=%s, args2=%s, args3=%s, args4=%s): result=%d if (result>=0): else: NETGROUP does not contains the triple (HOST,USER,DOMAIN).\n", self, args1, args2, args3, args4, result);
	
	return 1;
}